Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gains in Developing Countries. You must base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):
1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况。
2. 说明引起变化的各种原因。
作文范文
Health Gains in Developing Countries
In the developing countries great changes took place in life expectancy and infant mortality in the period from 1960 to 1990. In 1960 life expectancy was very low, while infant mortality ws very high. However, in 1990 life expectancy increased, whereas infant mortality declined.
There are many reasons for the changes, but in general, they come down to three major ones. First, their living conditions were improved. In the old days people in the developing countries suffered hunger and were exposed to the elements. Nowadays they are well fed and housed. Naturally they live longer than before. Besides, the medical condition was also improved and so the adequate medical treatment ensures the adults’ health and reduces infant mortality. Most important of all, in the early 60s there were constant wars in some developing countries because of the colonial rule and so a lot of people were killed in wars. Nowadays most developing countries have become independent countries and their people live a peaceful life.
In conclusion, the national independence and social stability are responsible for these changes.
参考译文
发展中国家的健康状况
在发展中国家发生了很大的变化，在预期寿命和婴儿死亡率从1960到1990。1960平均寿命很低，而婴儿的死亡率是非常高的。然而，在1990的预期寿命增加，而婴儿死亡率下降。
这些变化有许多原因，但总的来说，他们涉及到三个主要方面。第一，他们的生活条件的改善。在发展中国家，过去人们遭受饥饿和暴露于元素。现在他们吃得好、住。他们自然比过去活的时间更长。此外，医疗条件也得到了改善，所以适当的医疗保障人的健康和降低婴儿死亡率。最重要的是，在上世纪60年代初有一些发展中国家不断的战争由于其殖民统治，所以很多人在战争中被杀害。目前大多数发展中国家已成为独立的国家和他们的人民过着平静的生活。
总之，民族独立和社会稳定是负责这些变化。